What is a SAFE note? And why AI startups love them
SAFE notes have become the default instrument for early-stage AI fundraising. Here's what they are, the 2018 post-money switch, and what founders miss.
Education
AI explainers, primers, and practical guides. Concepts made clear for curious readers who want to understand the technology, not just keep up with the news cycle.
What is FinOps for AI? Managing the GPU bill before it manages you
FinOps is the discipline for putting structure around variable technology spend. AI breaks the cloud cost model in three ways — and this is what the new practice looks like.
What is prompt injection? The vulnerability class no firewall stops
Prompt injection is what happens when text an LLM reads gets interpreted as instructions instead of data. It tops OWASP's 2025 LLM list — and the fix is not a patch.
What is RLHF? The training trick that made ChatGPT useful
RLHF is the three-stage recipe — supervised fine-tuning, reward modelling, RL — that turned big base models into chatbots people actually use. Here's how it works and what it doesn't fix.
RAG vs fine-tuning vs prompting: which do you actually need?
Three techniques get pitched as competitors. They aren't. They solve different problems. Here's the decision frame for choosing one or combining all three.
What is the EU AI Act? A plain-English guide to the world's first comprehensive AI law
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 is the EU's AI Act. Here's what it bans, what it requires, what it costs to violate, and when each provision applies.